Neural Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training: Insights From Cortical Microstructure and Transcriptional...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Genetics

Background:

• Working memory training (WMT) is a cognitive intervention aimed at enhancing executive functions.
• Understanding the neural underpinnings and genetic factors associated with WMT is crucial for optimizing its effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of an 8-week WMT program on brain microstructure, morphometric similarity networks (MSN), and gene expression in healthy adults.
• To explore the relationship between structural brain changes and genetic factors influenced by cognitive training.

Main Methods:

• 76 healthy adults were assigned to either a WMT group or a control group for 8 weeks.
• Cortical thickness (CT) and fractional dimensions (FD) were measured, and MSN changes were analyzed.
• Partial least squares (PLS) analysis examined the link between microstructural alterations and gene transcript expression.

Main Results:

• The WMT group showed improved performance in updating, switching, and phonological loop tasks.
• WMT led to increased CT in right frontal regions and increased FD in frontopolar and middle frontal areas.
• Significant decreases in MSN were observed, alongside strong correlations between microstructural changes and gene expression related to synaptic function, neural regulation, and metabolism.

Conclusions:

• WMT induces subtle but significant changes in brain structure and associated biological processes.
• The study provides insights into neural plasticity mechanisms and potential genetic contributions to WMT-induced structural modifications.