Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unlocking New Insights in fNIRS Studies - A Novel Framework for Inter-Brain Synchrony Analysis
Published on: October 6, 2023
Firewalls from General Covariance
1University of California, Berkeley, Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, California 94720, USA.
Abstract:
I define "horizon normalcy" as the approximate validity of semiclassical gravity and effective field theory for the description of observers that approach or cross a black hole horizon. If black holes return information, then horizon normalcy must fail substantially, at least in some global states. It has been proposed that horizon normalcy persists, so long as the Hawking radiation remains in a computationally simple state. Here I argue that state-dependent horizon normalcy-independent of the underlying mechanism and independent of the class of radiation states asserted to guarantee normalcy-requires a breakdown of general covariance far from the black hole, or else horizon normalcy will depend on the infinite future of the exterior. This is because the radiation can be in different states at different events, all spacelike to the horizon crossing event whose normalcy is at stake. I discuss a related effect in AdS/CFT, and I argue that its resolution by timefolds is of no help here.
More Related Videos
09:01A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
Published on: May 7, 2014
06:48The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
Published on: January 19, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks
Network Function of a Circuit
Norton's Theorem
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error
Interference and Diffraction
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error