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Yeast protein as a sustainable fat replacer in reduced-fat mayonnaise: Impact on rheological properties, emulsion
Yaqiu Kong1, Ruotong Guo1, Jian Xiong2
1College of Food Science and Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China.
Abstract:
This study investigated the effects of yeast protein (YP) as a fat replacer on the rheological properties, emulsion stability, and microstructure of reduced-fat mayonnaise. Owing to its favorable structural and functional characteristics-including an ordered and compact molecular structure, high water and oil holding capacities, and excellent emulsifying stability-YP-1 demonstrated outstanding performance as both an emulsifier and stabilizer. At a 40 % replacement level, sensory evaluation indicated acceptable quality. YP-based fat replacement significantly enhanced emulsion stability, with all samples maintaining over 95 % stability without oil-water separation. As the level of YP increased, the mayonnaise exhibited larger droplet sizes and higher viscosity. Thixotropic testing showed that structural recovery improved with increasing YP content, reaching a maximum of 99.12 % at 40 % replacement. Additionally, microstructure illustrated that all mayonnaises existed as emulsion droplets and YP did not change the network structure. None of the samples showed excessive aggregation or flocculation.
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