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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Nodal analysis is a fundamental method in electrical engineering used to simplify the process of circuit analysis. This method revolves around the concept of using node voltages as the primary variables for circuit analysis. The objective is to determine the voltage at each node in a circuit, which can then be used to find other quantities of interest, such as currents through specific components.
Consider, for instance, a simple circuit composed of three nodes and three resistors, as shown in...

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MEAanalysis: an open-source R package for downstream visualization of AxIS navigator multi-electrode array burst data

Emily A Gordon1, David L Bennett1, Georgios Baskozos1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.

Bioinformatics Advances
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces MEAanalysis, an R package for visualizing multi-electrode array (MEA) data at the single electrode level. This tool enhances the understanding of excitable cell network variability by offering more detailed analysis than whole-well approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Multi-electrode array (MEA) technology generates electrophysiological data crucial for characterizing excitable cells.
  • Current MEA data analysis often aggregates parameters at the whole-well level, limiting insights into network spatiotemporal dynamics.
  • Reproducible and detailed analysis of MEA data remains a challenge in the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an open-source R package, MEAanalysis, for advanced analysis of MEA data.
  • To enable visualization of burst parameters at the single electrode level.
  • To improve the understanding of spatiotemporal variability in excitable cell networks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the MEAanalysis R package.
  • Integration with AxIS Navigator software for data processing.
  • Visualization of single-electrode burst parameters.

Main Results:

  • MEAanalysis provides single-electrode level visualization of burst parameters.
  • The package facilitates a deeper understanding of spatiotemporal variability in cell networks.
  • Offers a more granular approach compared to traditional whole-well analysis.

Conclusions:

  • MEAanalysis enhances the analytical capabilities for MEA electrophysiological data.
  • The package promotes more comprehensive characterization of excitable cell networks.
  • Open-source availability encourages community feedback and further development.