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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Dissecting the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway through proteomics.

Tigist Y Tamir1, Kathleen M Mulvaney2, M Ben Major1,2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.

Current Opinion in Toxicology
|August 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mass spectrometry proteomics reveals the KEAP1/NRF2 antioxidant pathway's complex network. This study maps protein interactions and modifications, offering insights into its regulation and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
E3 ubiquitin ligaseKEAP1Mass spectrometryNRF2Oxidative stressPost-translational modificationProtein interaction networkProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • The KEAP1/NRF2 pathway is crucial for cellular antioxidant defense.
  • Understanding its regulation is key for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • Proteomic technologies offer powerful tools to study this pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
  • To construct protein interaction networks for KEAP1 and NRF2.
  • To map post-translational modifications on KEAP1 and NRF2.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature and public domain data compilation.
  • Creation of protein-protein interaction networks for KEAP1 and NRF2.
  • Curation of proteomic datasets to map post-translational modifications.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous associated proteins and post-translational modifications within the KEAP1/NRF2 complex.
  • Depiction of a highly interconnected signaling network with many proteins of unknown function.
  • Generation of comprehensive maps of KEAP1 and NRF2 modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Mass spectrometry is instrumental in elucidating KEAP1/NRF2 pathway signaling and dynamics.
  • The study highlights potential new regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
  • Further research is needed to understand the functional significance of identified modifications and interactions.