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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Dengue encephalitis: what's new?

Adrian Keith Noronha¹, Angel Miraclin T², Priscilla Rupali¹

¹Department of Infectious Diseases.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

|August 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dengue encephalitis, a rare complication, presents unique MRI findings like the "double doughnut" sign. Early diagnosis using CSF PCR and inflammatory markers is key for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

central nervous system encephalitis gengue virus

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Neurovirology

Background:

Neurological manifestations of dengue (NeuroDengue) are uncommon and can mimic other tropical infections.
Understanding the neurotropism of the dengue virus is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide new insights into dengue encephalitis, focusing on pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic challenges.
To highlight unique neuroimaging patterns aiding in the early recognition of NeuroDengue.
To enhance the management of this severe dengue complication.

Main Methods:

Review of recent research on dengue encephalitis.
Analysis of neuroimaging patterns, particularly MRI findings.
Evaluation of diagnostic methods including CSF PCR, antibody testing, and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α).

Main Results:

Dengue virus shows neurotropism affecting areas like the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cortex.
Characteristic MRI findings include the 'double doughnut' sign and microhaemorrhages, though nonspecific.
Definitive diagnosis relies on positive CSF PCR for dengue virus, supported by antibody testing and elevated CSF IL-6 and TNF-α levels.

Conclusions:

Dengue virus is neurotropic, confirmed by CSF PCR.
MRI reveals T2 hyperintensities, microhaemorrhages, and the 'double doughnut' sign in dengue encephalitis.
Advanced diagnostics like CSF antibody indices and neuroinflammatory markers improve early identification, potentially leading to better patient outcomes with supportive care, IVIG, or steroids.