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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Temporal interference stimulation modulates verbal working memory: an EEG study on hemispheric lateralization and

Jiahe Sun1, Huixian Wu1, Yishu Chen1

  • 1School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|August 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) enhances verbal working memory (WM) under high cognitive load by modulating right-hemisphere activity. This novel neural modulation technique shows potential for cognitive enhancement, particularly when attention is taxed.

Keywords:
TISbrain lateralizationcross-hemisphericright parietal cortexverbal working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique.
  • Its effects on verbal working memory (WM) and the underlying neural mechanisms, especially hemispheric lateralization, are not well understood.
  • Existing research has not fully explored TIS's impact under varying cognitive loads.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of TIS on verbal working memory (WM) performance and neural activity.
  • To examine the role of hemispheric lateralization in TIS-induced modulation of WM.
  • To explore the temporal dynamics of TIS effects using electroencephalogram (EEG).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a delayed recognition task to assess verbal WM under high-load and low-load conditions.
  • Applied TIS to the left and right hemispheres, with sham stimulation as a control.
  • Recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) to analyze neural responses, specifically N200 and P300 amplitudes.

Main Results:

  • TIS demonstrated a significant right-lateralized effect under high-load WM conditions.
  • Specifically, right parietal TIS increased N200 amplitude and decreased P300 amplitude.
  • No significant effects were observed under low-load conditions, indicating load-dependent TIS modulation.

Conclusions:

  • TIS effectively modulates verbal working memory, particularly under high cognitive load.
  • The findings support the attention-memory model, suggesting TIS facilitates cognitive resource redistribution via attentional modulation.
  • This study provides novel insights into TIS's potential for cognitive enhancement and its interaction with hemispheric lateralization.