Initiating Sensory Science Research in Space Conditions-Current Practices and Future Perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Space exploration and food science
• Human physiology and sensory perception
• Astronaut well-being and nutrition

Background:

• The expanding space sector presents unique challenges for food researchers.
• Understanding how space conditions affect sensory perception is critical for astronaut nutrition and well-being.
• Limited data exists on flavor perception changes during spaceflight missions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and integrate existing data on flavor perception during spaceflight.
• To evaluate the applicability of space analogs and simulations for sensory research.
• To identify gaps in current research and propose future methodological pathways.

Main Methods:

• Structured literature search strategy.
• Integration of data from 16 spaceflight missions.
• Evaluation of 29 space analogs and simulations.

Main Results:

• Consistent sensory changes observed: diminished taste sensitivity, increased preference for spicy/umami-rich foods, and intense flavors.
• Space analogs and simulations show applicability but require standardized guidelines.
• Research limitations include small sample sizes and inconsistent methodologies.

Conclusions:

• Spaceflight significantly impacts sensory perception, affecting food preferences and intake.
• Gaps remain in understanding the complex interactions between environmental, physiological, and sensory factors.
• Future research should focus on ecologically valid approaches and validated analog designs to strengthen evidence generation.