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Loop Diuretics and Sarcopenia: A Potential Association.
Nikolaos D Karakousis1, Petros N Georgakopoulos2
1Independent Researcher, Vrilissia 15235, Greece.
Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 4, 2025
Summary
Loop diuretics (LDs) may increase sarcopenia risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). This review suggests a potential link between LD use and muscle wasting, warranting further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Loop diuretics (LDs) are commonly prescribed for heart failure (HF), liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass and strength loss, leads to adverse outcomes like frailty, falls, and increased mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential association between loop diuretic (LD) use and the development of sarcopenia.
- To synthesize current evidence on the relationship between LDs and muscle wasting across different patient populations.
Main Methods:
- A non-systematic review of existing literature was conducted.
- The review focused on studies examining LD use in conjunction with sarcopenia or related muscle health indicators.
Main Results:
- Loop diuretic use was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients.
- Patients with HF on LDs exhibited smaller limb circumferences, suggesting muscle wasting.
- Anorexic patients on diuretics and those with liver cirrhosis showed higher sarcopenia prevalence, with inverse correlation between LD dosage and muscle area in cirrhotic subjects.
Conclusions:
- Evidence suggests a potential link between loop diuretic use and sarcopenia.
- Further research is necessary to confirm the interplay between LDs and sarcopenia and its clinical implications.
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