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High-Stability Single-Ion Clock with 5.5×10^{-19} Systematic Uncertainty.

Mason C Marshall1, Daniel A Rodriguez Castillo1,2, Willa J Arthur-Dworschack1,2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Time and Frequency Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|August 4, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a single aluminum ion (Al+) atomic clock achieving unprecedented accuracy. This quantum logic clock demonstrates a 5.5x10^-19 uncertainty, a significant advancement for precision timekeeping.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Computing
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Atomic clocks are crucial for scientific research and technology.
  • Previous aluminum ion (Al+) clocks faced limitations in stability and systematic uncertainties.
  • Quantum logic spectroscopy offers a pathway to enhanced atomic clock performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-ion optical atomic clock with improved fractional frequency uncertainty and stability.
  • To leverage quantum logic spectroscopy for high-precision measurements of the ^{27}Al^{+} clock transition.
  • To reduce systematic uncertainties through improved experimental design and measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quantum logic spectroscopy on a single ^{27}Al^{+} ion.
  • Employed sympathetic cooling and readout using a cotrapped ^{25}Mg^{+} ion.
  • Implemented laser stability transfer from a remote cryogenic silicon cavity over a 3.6 km fiber link.
  • Improved ion trap design to minimize micromotion and employed a new vacuum system to reduce collisional shifts.
  • Conducted direction-sensitive measurements of the ac magnetic field to eliminate orientation-related systematic uncertainties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a fractional frequency uncertainty of 5.5×10^{-19}.
  • Demonstrated a fractional frequency stability of 3.5×10^{-16}/sqrt[τ/s].
  • Reduced clock instability by threefold compared to previous ^{27}Al^{+} clocks due to a 1 s Rabi probe duration.
  • Lowered systematic uncertainties through reduced micromotion and collisional shifts.
  • Eliminated systematic uncertainty from rf ion trap ac magnetic field orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed single-ion optical atomic clock represents a significant advancement in precision timekeeping.
  • The employed techniques, including laser stability transfer and improved experimental design, pave the way for future ultra-precise atomic clocks.
  • This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of atomic systems and their application in metrology.