More-than-Moore Approaches Implemented Using van der Waals Heterostructures.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Electrical Engineering

Background:

• Silicon-based electronics face fundamental limitations in next-generation computing.
• Two-dimensional (2D) materials and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offer unique electronic and physical properties.
• These materials enable integration of memory, logic, and sensing for compact, energy-efficient systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the transformative role of 2D materials and vdW heterostructures in computing paradigms.
• To highlight applications in emerging computing (in-memory, in-sensor, bioinspired, probabilistic, quantum) and digital security (TRNG, PUFs).
• To discuss how material properties address memory-wall challenges and enable ultralow latency and parallel processing.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of 2D materials and vdW heterostructures in advanced computing and digital security.
• Analysis of material properties such as carrier mobility, scalability, spin-orbit coupling, and quantum fluctuations.
• Examination of device fabrication and integration for scalable, energy-efficient systems.

Main Results:

• 2D materials and vdW heterostructures are key enablers for next-generation electronic systems.
• These materials facilitate seamless integration for AI, edge computing, and IoT, overcoming memory-wall challenges.
• Their properties enhance emerging computing and strengthen entropy-based random number generation and security mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Continued progress in materials engineering and device fabrication is crucial for large-scale implementation.
• 2D materials and vdW heterostructures pave the way for scalable, energy-efficient, and multifunctional computing systems.
• These advancements are vital for reshaping computing paradigms and enhancing digital security.