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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

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Updated: Sep 12, 2025

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

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Published on: April 27, 2018

Embedded Platinum Clusters with Modulated Electronic Metal-Support Interaction for Superior Hydrogen Evolution.

Wei-Jie Cai¹, Zi-Qiang Chen¹, Ting Ouyang¹

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials/Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials/Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.

|August 6, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel wall-embedding method to control platinum (Pt) catalyst size for enhanced hydrogen evolution reactions. The resulting Pt clusters show significantly improved efficiency and stability compared to traditional platinum catalysts.

Keywords:

CNTs Pt clusters electronic metal−support interaction geometric confinement hydrogen evolution reaction

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Controlling nanoscale platinum (Pt) catalyst size, dispersion, and metal-support interactions is crucial for efficient hydrogen evolution reactions (HER).
Existing methods face challenges in achieving precise regulation of these parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a wall-embedding confinement strategy for precise size control of Pt catalysts.
To investigate the impact of Pt cluster size and metal-support interactions on HER performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized a self-catalytically grown nitrogen-doped carbon framework (Ni-CNTs/NCF) with a wall-embedding structure.
Employed a confinement strategy to regulate the size of Pt clusters and nanoparticles.
Analyzed the electronic metal-support interaction and hydrogen adsorption energy.

Main Results:

Achieved optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy due to strong Pt cluster-support interaction.
Demonstrated significantly lower overpotentials for Pt clusters (213 mV in KOH, 130 mV in H2SO4) compared to Pt nanoparticles and commercial Pt/C.
Observed a 7-fold enhancement in mass activity and turnover frequency for Pt clusters.

Conclusions:

The wall-embedding confinement strategy effectively controls Pt size and enhances HER performance.
Pt clusters exhibit superior catalytic activity and stability, outperforming commercial Pt/C in electrolyzer applications.
This approach offers a promising pathway for developing advanced electrocatalysts for hydrogen production.