The Management of Gallstones in Pregnancy

Benign biliary disease is a prevalent surgical issue during pregnancy, often leading to complications that require careful management. The risk of gallstone formation increases due to hormonal changes, particularly elevated estrogen and progesterone levels, which contribute to biliary stasis and cholesterol saturation. Diagnosis typically involves ultrasound as the first-line imaging modality, with additional techniques like MRI and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography considered when necessary. Treatment options range from observation for asymptomatic cases to surgical intervention for symptomatic or complicated disease, with laparoscopic cholecystectomy being the preferred approach due to its lower associated risks.