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Personalizing transcranial electrical stimulation.

Sybren Van Hoornweder1, Charlotte J Stagg2, Miles Wischnewski3

  • 1REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hasselt, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Trends in Neurosciences
|August 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) reduces variability in brain modulation effects. Tailoring tES parameters and identifying efficacy markers are key to advancing this neuromodulation technique.

Keywords:
dosing strategiesindividual variabilitynon-invasive brain stimulationprecision neuromodulationtranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) includes non-invasive techniques like transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation.
  • tES modulates the central nervous system for research and therapeutic applications.
  • Current fixed tES protocols show variable outcomes due to individual differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging strategies for personalizing tES parameters.
  • To examine the rationale behind personalized neuromodulation approaches.
  • To highlight future directions in optimizing tES efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on personalized transcranial electrical stimulation.
  • Analysis of strategies for tailoring tES parameters.
  • Discussion of potential biomarkers for tES response.

Main Results:

  • Personalized approaches are increasingly adopted to address tES variability.
  • Multiparameter personalization offers a promising avenue for optimization.
  • Identifying markers of tES efficacy is crucial for future development.

Conclusions:

  • Personalization is essential for reducing variability in tES outcomes.
  • Tailored stimulation strategies represent a significant advancement in human brain stimulation.
  • While not a complete solution, personalization is a vital step toward reliable neuromodulation.