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Sensitivity Enhancement of Soft Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using a Solvent Evaporation-Based Porosity Control Technique

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Published on: March 24, 2023

Optimized SPR-PCF sensor for sucrose detection inspired by vertical pupil geometry.

Mohammad Reza Khodatars Dashtmian¹, Vahid Fallahi^2,3, Mahmood Seifouri⁴

¹Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

Scientific Reports

|August 9, 2025

Summary

A new surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) detects sucrose concentration with high sensitivity. Inspired by animal eyes, this sensor offers ultra-high performance for refractive index detection.

Keywords:

Nelder-Mead algorithm Photonic crystal fiber Plasmon Sensitivity Sucrose

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Biomedical Sensing
Nanophotonics

Background:

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free detection technology.
Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer unique light-confining properties for sensor development.
Biomimicry, inspired by natural structures like animal eyes, can enhance optical sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and optimize an SPR sensor based on PCF for detecting sucrose concentration.
To achieve high amplitude sensitivity (AS) and wavelength sensitivity (WS) while minimizing losses.
To leverage biomimicry for enhanced electromagnetic field confinement.

Main Methods:

Utilized a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a vertical pupil pattern inspired by animal eyes.
Employed the Nelder-Mead algorithm for structural parameter optimization.
Applied the finite element method (FEM) with a mode solver for structural analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 12,000 nm/RIU and amplitude sensitivity (AS) of -5430.24 RIU^-1.
Obtained a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 315.9077 RIU^-1.
Demonstrated excellent performance for 45% sucrose solution with WS of 13,000 nm/RIU, AS of -6202.62 RIU^-1, and FOM of 356.93 RIU^-1.

Conclusions:

The proposed SPR sensor exhibits ultra-high sensitivity and excellent performance in refractive index (RI) detection.
The biomimetic design simplifies the structure and enhances robustness against manufacturing errors.
This sensor shows significant potential for applications in chemical and biological sensing, particularly for sugar concentration analysis.