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Composite scores for the NIH Baby Toolbox®.

Y Catherine Han1, Elizabeth M Dworak1, Maxwell Mansolf1

  • 1Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.

Infant Behavior & Development
|August 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The NIH Baby Toolbox developed eight composite scores for infant and toddler development, offering a reliable and valid method for assessing cognitive, motor, and social-emotional functioning. These scores provide a holistic evaluation, aiding clinical and research applications.

Keywords:
AssessmentComposite scoresNIH Baby Toolbox

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Assessment
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The NIH Baby Toolbox provides assessments across cognitive, motor, and social-emotional domains.
  • Composite scores offer a more holistic evaluation than measure-specific scores by combining data and reducing error.
  • Key developmental constructs in infants and toddlers include language, executive function, math, and social communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the creation of eight composite scores for the NIH Baby Toolbox.
  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of these new composite scores.
  • To establish the reliability and validity of the Baby Toolbox composite scores for assessing early development.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis was used to derive composite scores from data from the Baby Toolbox norming study (N=2479).
  • Analyses utilized regression-weighted factor scores for individual measures to define composites.
  • Psychometric properties were assessed through composite reliability, test-retest reliability, and external validation.

Main Results:

  • Composite scores demonstrated excellent composite reliability and moderate to strong test-retest reliability.
  • Most scores showed minimal practice effects, with moderate and significant relations to external measures.
  • Correlations with age were moderate to strong for abilities expected to improve over time.

Conclusions:

  • The Baby Toolbox composite scores are a reliable and valid tool for assessing key areas of infant and toddler development.
  • These scores effectively indicate early cognitive, motor, and social-emotional growth.
  • The framework enhances the practical evaluation of developmental milestones in early childhood settings.