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Process Evaluation of a School-Based Intervention Promoting Sleep Health in Adolescents: A Mixed-Methods Study
Maj-Britt M R Inhulsen1,2, Maartje M van Stralen1, Femke van Nassau3
1Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
The Journal of School Health
|August 12, 2025
Summary
School interventions can improve adolescent sleep health, but require co-creation and a systems approach for lasting impact. The Charge Your Brainzzz program showed promise but needs tailoring for diverse student needs.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sleep Science
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Poor sleep health is a growing public health concern among adolescents.
- School-based interventions are potential solutions but often struggle with effectiveness and sustainability.
- Understanding barriers and facilitators is key to improving adolescent sleep health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the adoption, implementation, and sustainment of the Charge Your Brainzzz school-based sleep health intervention.
- To identify factors influencing the success of the intervention in Dutch secondary schools.
Main Methods:
- 12 semistructured interviews with teachers.
- 372 questionnaires completed by secondary school students.
- Thematic analysis of qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data.
Main Results:
- Teacher adoption was supported by valuing sleep education and school responsibility.
- The intervention was generally well implemented, engaging, and aligned with teacher roles.
- Concerns were raised about its impact on sleep health and compatibility across different student groups; adolescent satisfaction was moderate.
Conclusions:
- The Charge Your Brainzzz intervention shows potential but requires further co-creative tailoring.
- A broader, systems-oriented approach is recommended to enhance its impact on adolescent sleep health.
- Addressing diverse student needs and environmental influences is crucial for sustainable improvements.
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