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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Cutaneous Functional Units Hierarchy, Version 2 Defined.

Ingrid S Parry1, Miranda Yelvington2, Janice F Bell1

  • 1Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, 2570 48th Street Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.

Journal of Burn Care & Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association
|August 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study updates the schema for Cutaneous Functional Units (CFUs), which measure how burn scars impact movement. A standardized CFU model will improve consistency in burn care and skin movement research.

Keywords:
burncutaneokinematicscutaneous functional unitsrehabilitationscarskin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dermatology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Cutaneous Functional Units (CFUs) show promise for understanding burn injury effects on movement.
  • Current lack of a standardized CFU schema hinders consistent application and research in burn care.
  • Burn scars significantly impact skin mobility and patient function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated schema for calculating and locating Cutaneous Functional Units (CFUs).
  • To encourage uniform adoption of a common CFU model for consistent application in burn care.
  • To facilitate accurate mapping of CFUs in research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a revised CFU schema.
  • Presentation of the updated schema in table and figure formats.
  • Focus on clear calculation and location principles for CFUs.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive and clear schema for CFUs is now available.
  • The updated schema facilitates consistent identification and mapping of CFUs.
  • Standardized CFU data can enhance understanding of burn scar effects on movement.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CFU schema promotes uniform application and consistent mapping.
  • Standardized CFU principles are crucial for advancing burn care and skin movement research.
  • This schema supports interdisciplinary collaboration in fields concerned with skin mobility.