Emerging Biosensor Technologies for Stroke Biomarker Detection: A Comprehensive Overview

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Stroke is a major global health concern, demanding faster diagnostic methods.
• Current diagnostic approaches may not always provide timely results for effective stroke management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of novel biosensors for stroke biomarker detection.
• To discuss technological advancements and clinical implications of these biosensors.

Main Methods:

• Review of biosensor principles, including electrochemical, optical, and microfluidic platforms.
• Discussion on the integration of nanomaterials and signal amplification techniques.
• Analysis of biosensor performance metrics: sensitivity and specificity.

Main Results:

• Biosensors enable detection of key stroke biomarkers (e.g., NT-proBNP, CRP, D-dimer, troponins, S100B, GFAP, NfL, MMPs, interleukins, fibrinogen).
• Nanomaterials and advanced techniques enhance sensitivity for low-concentration biomarker detection.
• Biosensors show potential for improved stroke diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.

Conclusions:

• Biosensor technology is advancing rapidly for stroke biomarker detection.
• These tools hold significant promise for improving patient outcomes and stroke research.
• Challenges remain in translating biosensor technologies into widespread clinical practice.