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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Solid-Liquid Metal Single-Atom Clusters for Ultrafast Kinetics in Fast-Charging Na-Ion Batteries.

Xin Jin1, Mengfan Pei1, Runyue Mao1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of High Performance Resin Materials (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 14, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed single-atom channels to overcome slow charging in sodium-ion batteries. This innovation enables rapid ion transport and maintains high initial Coulombic efficiency for faster, more efficient battery charging.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) face limitations in fast charging due to slow Na+ desolvation and diffusion.
  • Optimizing the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial, but current architectures struggle with simultaneous rapid ion transport and high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an atomic-level strategy for enhancing ion transport in SIBs.
  • To achieve simultaneous rapid ion transport across bulk, interphase, and solvent phases while maintaining high ICE.
  • To minimize Na+ desolvation and diffusion barriers for fast charging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recyclable materials for an atomic-level strategy.
  • Coordinating single-atom alloying reactions to form solid-liquid single-atom channels.
  • Intelligent self-regulation of components for interconnectivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved approximately 100% ICE in liquid-derived SEI.
  • Minimized Na+ desolvation and diffusion barriers.
  • Demonstrated high energy density (200.62 Wh kg-1 at 5 C) and capacity retention (92.9% over 500 cycles at 7 C).
  • Enabled 100% battery capacity in 8 minutes at 10 C.

Conclusions:

  • Solid-liquid metal single-atom clusters offer a pathway for atomic-level fast charging in SIBs.
  • The developed strategy facilitates rapid ion transport across multiphase systems.
  • This approach opens new possibilities for high-performance SIBs.