Advances in the management of ocular anterior segment diseases using biomaterials-based drug delivery systems

The eye is an essential sense organ and drug delivery to the eye is a challenging task due to protective barriers that hinder drug penetration. Over 90 percent of treatments for eye diseases are topical, but frequent administration over extended periods can lead to toxicity and compliance issues. Over the years, extensive research has been aimed at developing drug delivery systems that enhance drug bioavailability at the target site while minimizing side effects. Innovative drug carrier systems have been researched and developed to extend retention time, decrease administration frequency, improve therapeutic efficacy, and ensure biocompatibility. In this article, we delve into the various ocular barriers affecting drug delivery and provide an overview of the utilization of biomaterials and nanotechnology in ocular drug delivery. We explore its applications in the treatment and management of various diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye.