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The effect of photobiomodulation therapy on guided tissue regeneration in a canine model
Reza Fekrazad1, Farshid Vahdatinia2, Mehdi Atabaki3
1Radiation Sciences Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Objectives:
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely accepted approach for the treatment of periodontal defects. However, its regenerative outcomes remain suboptimal. This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the adjunctive use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with GTR would enhance periodontal regeneration in a canine model.
Methods:
A total of 20 standardized periodontal defects (2 × 4 × 5 mm) were surgically created in five healthy adult male dogs. The defects were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (C, n = 3), Resorbable Membrane (M, n = 8), and PBMT + Resorbable Membrane (LM, n = 9). After two months, clinical and histomorphometric analyses were conducted. Histological assessments included measurements of junctional epithelium length, connective tissue attachment, cementum formation, and percentage of new bone formation. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
Results:
The control group (C) had the highest mean junctional epithelium length (1.40 mm), but differences among groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Connective tissue attachment was significantly greater in C (1.33 mm) compared to M (1.04 mm) and LM (0.96 mm) (P < 0.05). Cementum regeneration was significantly higher in LM (2.13 mm) compared to C (1.10 mm) (P < 0.05), though no significant difference was found between LM and M (P > 0.05). The mean percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in LM (40.33 %) compared to M (35.83 %) and C (18.66 %) (P = 0.05, P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The adjunctive application of PBMT enhanced cementum and bone regeneration in periodontal defects without any observed adverse effects. While the findings support the potential benefit of PBMT as a regenerative adjunct to GTR, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted to confirm these results and explore long-term outcomes CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Combination of PBMT with GTR can promote the healing process, and improve the effects of the regenerative factors for rehabilitation of periodontal defects.
