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Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
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Load-frequency control (LFC) is vital for maintaining power system stability, ensuring that frequency and power flows remain within acceptable limits during load changes. Turbine-governor control eliminates rotor accelerations and decelerations following load changes. However, a steady-state frequency error persists when the change in the turbine-governor reference setting is zero. In an interconnected power system, each area agrees to export or import a scheduled amount of power through...
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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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Closed-loop fault-tolerant dynamic control allocation design and implementation.

Hongyu Jing1, Kemao Ma1

  • 1Control and Simulation Center, National Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, PR China.

ISA Transactions
|August 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a fault-tolerant control allocation algorithm for dynamic actuators. It ensures accurate control input tracking despite actuator faults, enhancing system reliability and performance.

Keywords:
Actuator dynamicsActuator faultsClosed-loop fault-tolerant control allocationFault detection and identificationIterative learning observer

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Area of Science:

  • Control Engineering
  • Fault-Tolerant Systems
  • Aerospace Engineering

Background:

  • Actuator faults can compromise control system performance and safety.
  • Dynamic actuators with constraints require sophisticated allocation strategies.
  • Existing methods may not adequately address effectiveness loss in actuators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a closed-loop fault-tolerant dynamic control allocation algorithm.
  • To ensure accurate tracking of control inputs despite actuator faults.
  • To develop a method for detecting and estimating actuator states and effectiveness factors.

Main Methods:

  • A virtual control law is used as a baseline.
  • A fault-tolerant dynamic control allocation algorithm is developed.
  • A discrete iterative learning observer is constructed based on actuator dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm optimally allocates virtual control demand to multiple actuators.
  • The observer accurately and rapidly detects and estimates actuator states and effectiveness factors.
  • Simulations demonstrate performance advantages in numerical and aircraft application cases.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fault-tolerant control approach ensures good tracking performance.
  • The discrete iterative learning observer effectively handles actuator effectiveness loss.
  • The method offers acceptable performance advantages for dynamic actuator control.