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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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Increased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures are Associated with Exaggerated Lung Tissue Damage in Smokers with Pulmonary
Yue Zhang1, Liang Li2, Zi Kang Sheng1
1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES
|August 17, 2025
Summary
Cigarette smoking increases tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in tuberculosis (TB) patients, worsening lung damage. This suggests smoking promotes TLS formation, exacerbating lung injury in TB.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor that worsens pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) progression.
- Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are increasingly recognized in chronic lung diseases, but their role in smoking-related exacerbation of TB is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary TLS in smokers with TB.
- To explore the potential role of TLS in smoking-related lung injury in TB patients.
Main Methods:
- Lung tissues from 36 male pulmonary TB patients (18 smokers, 18 non-smokers) were analyzed.
- Pathological, immunohistological, and chest CT imaging were used to assess TLS quantity, immune cells, chemokines, and lesion severity.
- Correlation between TLS quantity and TB lesion severity was analyzed.
Main Results:
- Smokers with TB had significantly higher TLS quantities compared to non-smokers (P < 0.001).
- TLS quantity correlated with TB lesion severity on chest CT in both lung parenchyma (r = 0.5767) and peribronchial regions (r = 0.7373) (P < 0.001).
- Increased B cells, T cells, and CXCL13 expression were observed in smokers with TB (P < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Smoker TB patients exhibit increased pulmonary TLS.
- Increased TLS is associated with exacerbated lung lesions, suggesting smoking promotes TLS formation and worsens lung injury in TB.
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