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A Case of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in a Young Adult With Chronic Lung Disease

Hirohisa Horinouchi1, Fumio Maitani1, Jun Miyauchi2

  • 1Department of General Thoracic Surgery Saitama City Hospital Saitama Japan.

Respirology Case Reports
|August 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Surgery can successfully treat emphysema in young adults with chronic lung disease. Lung volume reduction surgery improved this patient's exercise capacity and breathing.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Neonatal Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm neonates leads to lifelong respiratory issues.
  • Emphysema and bullae can develop in CLD patients, causing severe obstructive ventilatory impairment.
  • Respiratory rehabilitation is often ineffective for advanced CLD complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for emphysematous changes in a young adult with CLD.
  • To assess the impact of LVRS on ventilatory function and exercise capability.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 18-year-old male with CLD presenting with exertional dyspnea.
  • Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed bilateral emphysema and a left lower lobe bulla.
  • Surgical resection of the affected lung lobe was performed.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited severe obstructive ventilatory impairment unresponsive to respiratory rehabilitation.
  • Following LVRS, significant improvement in ventilatory function was observed.
  • Enhanced exercise capability was noted post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention, specifically LVRS, can be a viable treatment option for emphysematous changes in patients with CLD.
  • LVRS can effectively improve respiratory outcomes and quality of life in select CLD patients.
  • This case highlights the potential of surgical management for complex respiratory conditions in young adults.

Keywords:
chronic lung diseasechronic obstructive lung diseaseemphysematous changelung volume reduction surgery

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