Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
Published on: April 19, 2024
Using the ICH estimand framework to improve the interpretation of treatment effects in internet interventions
Manuel Heinrich1, Pavle Zagorscak2, Johannes Bohn2
1Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. manuel.heinrich@fu-berlin.de.
None:
The ICH E9(R1) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis provides a framework for defining the treatment effect a trial intends to estimate-the estimand. The addendum is widely adopted in pharmaceutical research. However, it remains underutilized in trials investigating internet-based interventions (IBIs). This manuscript introduces the addendum to IBI researchers. It concludes that estimands are essential to improve the interpretability, relevance, and validity of effect estimates derived in IBI trials.
More Related Videos
06:55Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
07:28Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity
Published on: January 21, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Study Designs in Epidemiology
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Regression Toward the Mean
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Statistical Software for Data Analysis and Clinical Trials
Study Design in Statistics
Does aspirin reduce the risk of heart attacks? Is one brand of fertilizer more effective at growing roses than another? Is fatigue as dangerous to a driver as the influence of alcohol? Questions like these are answered using randomized experiments with proper...
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...