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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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Lower Limb Injuries in Women's Handball, Protocols, and Most Common Tests: A Systematic Review.

Laura Carrasco-Fernández1, Manuel García-Sillero1, Jerónimo García-Romero1

  • 1Department of Human Physiology, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.

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|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study found that supplementary plyometric, neuromuscular, and strength training significantly improves female handball players' lower limb performance and reduces injury risk. Addressing asymmetries and eccentric actions is key for injury prevention and rehabilitation.

Keywords:
asymmetrieshandballinjurieslower limbpower

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Lower limb strength and power are crucial for athletic performance in handball.
  • Rate of force development and reactive strength index are key performance and injury prevention metrics.
  • Limited research exists on training interventions for female handball players' lower limb biomechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of plyometric, neuromuscular, and strength training on performance and injury-related kinetic and biomechanical factors in female handball players.
  • To identify functional and biomechanical tests for injury risk and performance assessment in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of eight clinical trials comparing various training programs.
  • Focus on biomechanical analysis, strength training, plyometrics, and neuromuscular training.

Main Results:

  • Supplementary training, particularly strength, plyometric, and proprioceptive exercises, benefits handball players.
  • Controlling eccentric actions and addressing limb asymmetries reduces injury risk.
  • These interventions can accelerate rehabilitation for injured players.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating targeted supplementary training enhances lower limb performance and reduces injury incidence in female handball.
  • Addressing biomechanical asymmetries and eccentric loading is vital for injury prevention and recovery.
  • Further research can refine optimal training protocols for this athlete group.