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Design of respirable sprayed microparticles of encapsulated bacteriophages

Alberto Baldelli1, Mingtao Liang2

  • 1Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Frontiers in Drug Delivery
|August 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat. This review explores engineering dry powder nasal delivery of bacteriophages, a promising alternative to antibiotics for respiratory infections.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Bacterial respiratory infections pose a significant mortality risk, exacerbated by ineffective antibiotics.
  • Bacteriophages offer targeted antimicrobial therapy but face stability challenges for delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a guideline for developing encapsulated bacteriophage nasal dry powders.
  • To address the challenge of bacteriophage instability for respiratory delivery.
  • To explore particle engineering for stable dry powder formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of encapsulation techniques for bioactive compounds.
  • Analysis of particle engineering strategies for nasal and lung delivery.
  • Guideline development for creating dry powder bacteriophage formulations.

Main Results:

  • Encapsulation can protect bacteriophages from degradation.
  • Particle engineering enables the creation of stable dry powders for inhalation.
  • Nasal dry powders offer a targeted delivery route for bacteriophage therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Encapsulated bacteriophages in dry powder nasal formulations represent a viable alternative to antibiotics.
  • Particle engineering is crucial for achieving stable and effective bacteriophage delivery to the respiratory tract.
  • This review offers a framework for the development of novel bacteriophage-based therapies against respiratory bacterial infections.
Keywords:
bacteriophageparticle engineeringphage therapyrespiratory deliveryspraying techniques

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