Pyridine-Based Multifunctional Surface Passivators Enable Efficient and Stable Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Photovoltaics
• Organic Electronics

Background:

• Efficient surface passivation is critical for perovskite indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) due to defect-induced recombination losses.
• Charge carrier dynamics in IPVs are highly sensitive to trap states under low illumination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and evaluate two pyridine-based passivators, tris[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]amine (TPAP) and its ionic counterpart (TPAP1), for high-performance perovskite IPVs.
• To investigate the passivation mechanisms and their impact on device efficiency and stability.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis and incorporation of TPAP and TPAP1 into CsFAMA perovskite films.
• Coordination with under-coordinated Pb2+ ions to reduce trap densities and enhance hydrophobicity.
• Device fabrication and characterization under 1000 lux white LED illumination.

Main Results:

• TPAP and TPAP1 effectively suppress nonradiative recombination in perovskite films.
• Devices with TPAP and TPAP1 achieved indoor power conversion efficiencies of 30.1% and 31.7%, respectively.
• TPAP1 demonstrated simultaneous passivation of multiple defect types, boosting open-circuit voltage (VOC) to 1.00 V.

Conclusions:

• Pyridine-based passivators offer a scalable and effective strategy for defect passivation in perovskite IPVs.
• Multifunctional organic passivators are crucial for advancing next-generation energy harvesting technologies.
• Achieved efficiencies over 30% highlight the potential of these materials for indoor energy harvesting.