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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Bronchoalveolar Lavage BAL for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
11:47

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Published on: March 24, 2014

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Microplastics in Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid.

Takatomo Tokito1, Takashi Kido1, Osamu Nagafuchi2

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Microplastics were detected in all patients

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopyairborne microplasticbronchoscopyparticulate matterplastic pollution

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Airborne microplastic inhalation health impacts are under investigation.
  • Microplastic detection in lung tissue is challenging.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid offers a less invasive sampling method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a microplastic detection method for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  • Evaluate potential health impacts of inhaled microplastics.

Main Methods:

  • Included patients undergoing bronchoscopy for diffuse lung disease.
  • Utilized Nile Red staining and fluorescence microscopy for detection.
  • Assessed particle characteristics and identified plastic types via Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Detected microplastics in all 30 patients' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  • Median particle concentration was 684.7 particles/mL; >80% were <10 μm.
  • Common plastics included PVC, polystyrene, and PET; concentration correlated with C-reactive protein.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for microplastic detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was established.
  • Microplastics were ubiquitous in the study population, potentially linked to inflammation.
  • Nile Red staining proved effective for lung microplastic screening and quantification.