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Optimized fault detection and control for enhanced reliability and efficiency in DC microgrids.

Banothu Somanna1, Sushma Gupta2, Jatoth Rajender2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, MP, India. Banothu.somanna@gmail.com.

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Summary

This study presents an optimized control and protection framework for DC microgrids (DCMGs) with diverse energy sources. It enhances stability and reliability through advanced fault detection and fuzzy logic controllers, validated by real-time simulations.

Keywords:
Circuit breakerDC microgridFuzzy logic controllerGA-based tune PI controllerPI controlShort-Circuit fault

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Renewable Energy Systems
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • DC microgrids (DCMGs) face challenges with intermittent energy sources and fault management.
  • Existing control strategies often struggle with voltage and current fluctuations and slow fault detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive framework for fault detection and control in DCMGs.
  • To enhance the stability, reliability, and power quality of DCMGs under fault conditions.
  • To optimize control strategies for integrating diverse energy sources like PV, wind, fuel cells, and battery storage.

Main Methods:

  • A resistance-based fault detection scheme for intermittent DC link faults.
  • Perturb and Observe (P&O) for PV and wind power tracking.
  • Proportional-Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) for energy storage management.
  • Genetic Algorithm-tuned PI controllers (GA-PIC) for DC-link voltage and current optimization.
  • Validation using Opal-RT real-time simulations.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework significantly enhances DCMG stability and reliability under fault conditions.
  • Fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) outperform traditional PI controllers in mitigating voltage and current fluctuations.
  • The integrated DC protection scheme shows improved fault detection speed and accuracy.
  • GA-PIC optimization leads to better DC-link V-I levels and overall system performance.

Conclusions:

  • The validated, optimized control and protection scheme provides a robust solution for DCMG operation.
  • The research demonstrates the effectiveness of FLCs and GA-tuned PI controllers in dynamic DCMG responses.
  • This work contributes to more reliable and efficient operation of DC microgrids with diverse energy sources.