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Biopolymer Optical Fibers for High-Sensitivity Quantitative Humidity Monitoring.

Jani Patrakka1, Ville Hynninen1, Petteri Huttunen2

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 6, Tampere FI-33720, Finland.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sustainable optical fibers made from biopolymers can now quantitatively measure relative humidity (RH). These novel methylcellulose-based fibers offer high sensitivity, tunable properties, and potential for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
biopolymerscompositeshumidity sensorsoptical fibersquantitative sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Biopolymers offer tunable optical properties for sustainable optical fiber fabrication.
  • Existing research has explored biopolymer optical fibers for limited applications, but quantitative environmental sensing remains underdeveloped.
  • Quantitative sensing of environmental parameters using biopolymer optical fibers has not been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first quantitative determination of relative humidity (RH) using fully biopolymer optical fibers.
  • To investigate the humidity sensing capabilities of methylcellulose and methylcellulose-alginate composite optical fibers across the visible and near-infrared spectrum.
  • To explore the tunability of sensor performance through fiber composition and fabrication methods.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of methylcellulose and methylcellulose-alginate composite optical fibers.
  • Quantitative measurement of relative humidity (RH) using the fabricated optical fibers.
  • Characterization of sensor sensitivity, response time, and dynamic range by varying fiber composition and coagulation methods (e.g., ethanol vs. ionic coagulation).
  • Dynamic Vapor Sorption analysis to understand sorption-desorption kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Biopolymer optical fibers demonstrated quantitative relative humidity (RH) sensing up to 0.33 dB/%RH.
  • The sensitivity of these biopolymer optical fibers is comparable to or exceeds existing optical sensors and surpasses capacitance-based humidity sensors.
  • Ethanol coagulated composite fibers showed a 6-fold increase in sensitivity compared to ionically coagulated fibers.
  • Humidity sensing performance was found to be insensitive to temperature variations.
  • Fiber composition and coagulation methods significantly influence sensitivity, response time, and dynamic range.

Conclusions:

  • Fully biopolymer optical fibers enable quantitative sensing of relative humidity (RH).
  • These sustainable optical fibers offer tunable and high-performance humidity sensing capabilities.
  • The developed biopolymer optical fibers present a promising new platform for sustainable environmental monitoring sensors.