Exploring the Psychosocial Influences on Hepatitis B and Liver Cancer Disparities

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Health Communication
• Qualitative Research

Background:

• Diverse communities (Asian, Pacific Islander, Caribbean, African) face disproportionately high rates of chronic hepatitis B (HBV).
• Low screening and disease management engagement exacerbate liver cancer incidence in these populations.
• Psychosocial factors influencing health behaviors require exploration for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore psychosocial factors impacting health behaviors related to HBV and liver cancer.
• To inform the development of a culturally tailored public health communication campaign.
• To address disparities in screening and care engagement.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study involving 101 participants from Asian/Pacific Islander, Caribbean, and African communities in the US.
• Conducted 15 focus groups and 2 key informant interviews.
• Utilized Health Belief Model and Social Ecological Model, with inductive thematic analysis.

Main Results:

• Incomplete knowledge of HBV transmission and its link to liver cancer was prevalent.
• Health beliefs, self-efficacy, and uncertainty influenced screening and care behaviors.
• Stigma, social isolation, and misperceptions were common; family support and social norms played significant roles.

Conclusions:

• Multi-level influences contribute to low screening and care engagement in affected communities.
• Key differences and similarities exist across diverse impacted groups.
• Culturally tailored education is essential for effective hepatitis B prevention and management.