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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Complete vectorial optical mode converter using multi-layer metasurface.

Go Soma1, Kento Komatsu2, Yoshiaki Nakano2

  • 1School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. go.soma@tlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

Nature Communications
|August 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a universal optical device framework for converting multiple vector beams simultaneously. This breakthrough enables advanced functionalities in optics and photonics, paving the way for universal optical mode converters.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metasurface Technology
  • Vector Beam Manipulation

Background:

  • Vectorial optical mode converters are crucial for optics and photonics.
  • Existing methods like multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) and metasurfaces individually address spatial or polarization modes.
  • A universal method for simultaneous conversion of multiple vectorial modes with complex wavefronts and polarizations is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a general device framework for complete vectorial mode conversion.
  • To integrate multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) with multi-layer metasurfaces for simultaneous mode conversion.
  • To demonstrate a universal methodology for manipulating multiple vector beams.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a device framework based on the multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) concept.
  • Incorporated multi-layer metasurfaces into the MPLC framework.
  • Experimentally validated the method by fabricating a 6-mode multiplexer chip.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated a 6-mode (3 spatial × 2 polarization) multiplexer on a compact chip.
  • Applied the framework to design a mode-division-multiplexed dual-polarization coherent receiver.
  • Utilized the framework for spatial-mode-multiplexed vectorial holography.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a universal solution for simultaneous vectorial mode conversion.
  • The integration of MPLC and metasurfaces provides a powerful tool for advanced optical functionalities.
  • This versatile protocol advances the realization of universal optical mode converters.