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Persistent Genomic Erosion in Whooping Cranes Despite Demographic Recovery
Claudia Fontsere1, Samuel A Speak2,3,4, Andrew J Caven5,6
1Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Molecular Ecology
|August 26, 2025
Summary
Despite population recovery, the whooping crane (Grus americana) has lost 70% of its genetic diversity and increased inbreeding. Genomics reveals ongoing challenges, arguing against downlisting its Endangered status.
Area of Science:
- Conservation genomics
- Population genetics
- Wildlife conservation
Background:
- The whooping crane (Grus americana) faced severe population decline, necessitating conservation efforts.
- While census numbers have increased, the impact on genomic diversity was unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze temporal changes in whooping crane genomic diversity and inbreeding.
- To inform conservation strategies for endangered species using genomic data.
Main Methods:
- Sequencing a high-quality whooping crane reference genome.
- Re-sequencing historical and modern genomes from wild and captive individuals.
- Genomic demographic reconstructions and temporal genomic analyses.
Main Results:
- Whooping cranes lost 70% of historical genetic diversity and experienced increased inbreeding over the past 300 years.
- Modern populations show higher realized genetic load, potentially impacting fitness.
- Captive breeding management reduced recent inbreeding, but background inbreeding persists.
Conclusions:
- Genomic erosion continues despite population recovery, supporting Endangered status.
- Wild-captive crosses could enhance genetic diversity and reduce genetic load.
- Genomics is crucial for effective conservation management and policy decisions.
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