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Enhanced Single-Particle Upconversion Imaging via Energy Migration Boosting.

Yanxin Zhang1, Rongrong Wen1, Tianli Zhai1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for brighter bioimaging. Optimized UCNPs enabled long-term tracking of neuronal transport, revealing kinesin-dynein coordination mechanisms.

Keywords:
axonal transportenergy migrationsingle‐particle imagingupconversion luminescence

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) offer photostability and low background for bioimaging.
  • Limited single-particle brightness restricts their widespread application in biological studies.
  • Enhancing energy migration (EM) and transfer efficiency is crucial for brighter UCNPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the limited brightness of UCNPs for improved bioimaging applications.
  • To enhance energy migration (EM) between Yb3+ sensitizers and Er3+ emitters.
  • To develop UCNPs with superior single-particle brightness for neuronal transport studies.

Main Methods:

  • Designed core-shell-shell UCNPs (NaLu0.9Er0.1F4@NaYbF4@NaLuF4) to inhibit back energy transfer (BET).
  • Increased Yb3+ doping in the core (NaLu0.9-xYbxEr0.1F4@NaYbF4@NaLuF4) to boost EM.
  • Utilized Bayesian Hidden Markov Model for quantitative analysis of neuronal transport dynamics.

Main Results:

  • UCNPs with an alloy-core (NaYb0.9Er0.1F4) showed over a tenfold increase in upconversion luminescence.
  • Optimized Yb3+/Er3+ ratio and inert shell thickness maximized single-particle brightness.
  • Enabled long-term tracking of axonal transport in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized UCNPs significantly enhance single-particle brightness through improved energy migration.
  • Revealed a kinesin-dynein coordination mechanism in neuronal transport.
  • Established upconversion single-particle tracking (uSPT) as a powerful tool for real-time neuronal activity monitoring.