Aflatoxin Exposure in Immunocompromised Patients: Current State and Future Perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Food Science and Toxicology
• Public Health and Epidemiology
• Mycotoxicology

Background:

• Aflatoxins (AFs) are potent mycotoxins produced by *Aspergillus* species, posing significant public health risks.
• Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known carcinogen linked to liver cancer and immunosuppression.
• Environmental factors and inadequate storage promote AF contamination in staple foods like maize and peanuts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of aflatoxin exposure in immunocompromised populations.
• To highlight exposure pathways, biomarkers, and biomonitoring strategies for AF.
• To emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policy frameworks for vulnerable groups.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on aflatoxin exposure.
• Analysis of current biomarkers for human AF exposure.
• Identification of research and policy gaps in high-risk regions.

Main Results:

• Immunocompromised individuals (cancer, hepatitis, diabetes, etc.) face heightened risks from AF exposure.
• Biomarkers like aflatoxin-albumin complexes are valuable but underutilized in resource-limited settings.
• Limited research exists on AF exposure monitoring, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Conclusions:

• Targeted studies and interventions are essential to address AF risks in immunocompromised individuals.
• Advanced diagnostics and policy development are needed to mitigate health burdens.
• Reducing AF-related health issues requires a focus on food safety and public health strategies in high-risk areas.