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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Manufacture and Drug Delivery Applications of Silk Nanoparticles
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Designing Protein-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications.

Jian Cui1, Keqing Wang2, Zheyu Wu1

  • 1Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) offer biocompatible drug delivery. This review details PNP design, challenges, and applications in medicine, guiding future development for personalized healthcare.

Keywords:
clinical translationdesign strategynanocarrierprotein-based nanoparticlestherapeutic delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are versatile nanocarriers with inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • Their adaptable structure allows precise control over drug loading, release, and targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic uses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of protein-based nanoparticle design and clinical translation.
  • To analyze recent studies and FDA-approved protein formulations to identify challenges and strategies.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth analysis of recent scientific literature on protein nanoparticles.
  • Review of FDA-approved protein-related formulations from the past five years.
  • Examination of design strategies, clinical challenges, and emerging technologies.

Main Results:

  • PNPs show potential in treating neurological disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases, and in diagnostics.
  • Key challenges include stability, immunogenicity, and manufacturing scalability.
  • Design strategies like surface modification, ligand targeting, and stimuli-responsive engineering can overcome barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Rational design of next-generation PNPs is crucial for effective, personalized healthcare solutions.
  • Emerging in vivo gene and protein editing technologies may accelerate PNP development and clinical translation.