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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
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Estimating the predictability of questionable open-access journals.

Han Zhuang1, Lizhen Liang2, Daniel E Acuna3

  • 1Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China.

Science Advances
|August 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can systematically identify questionable journals by analyzing website data. This scalable approach aids research integrity by flagging thousands of suspect publications, complementing expert review.

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scholarly Communication
  • Research Integrity

Background:

  • Questionable journals pose a significant threat to global research integrity.
  • Manual vetting of journals is often slow and lacks scalability.
  • Identifying predatory or unreliable academic publishing venues is a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for systematically identifying questionable journals.
  • To develop and evaluate an AI-driven method for assessing journal legitimacy.
  • To provide a scalable solution for detecting unreliable academic publishing venues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze journal website design, content, and publication metadata.
  • Trained and evaluated the AI model against extensive human-annotated datasets.
  • Adjusted decision thresholds to balance comprehensive screening with precise identification.

Main Results:

  • The AI method achieved practical accuracy in identifying questionable journals.
  • Over 1000 suspect journals were flagged at a balanced threshold.
  • These flagged journals publish a substantial number of articles and receive significant citations.

Conclusions:

  • AI offers a powerful, scalable tool for enhancing research integrity checks.
  • Automated triage using AI can effectively identify potentially problematic journals.
  • Integrating AI with expert review is crucial for robust vetting of academic venues.