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Related Concept Videos

Mass Concreting01:22

Mass Concreting

108
Mass concreting refers to the process of placing large volumes of concrete, such as in gravity dams. The heat generated during the cement hydration process and differential cooling rates within the concrete mass can lead to a temperature gradient, which can result in thermal cracks in the concrete mass.
To reduce the risk of such cracking, the concrete mix may incorporate low-heat cement and pozzolans to reduce the temperature rise. Pre-cooled angular aggregates and water-reducing admixtures...
108
Effects of Creep01:25

Effects of Creep

218
Creep in concrete, the gradual deformation under prolonged stress, significantly impacts the integrity of structures. For reinforced concrete beams, it can be a vital design consideration, as it increases deflection, sometimes necessitating additional design measures. In columns, especially slender ones under eccentric loads, creep can cause buckling, compromising their stability. However, creep can be beneficial in indeterminate structures by mitigating stresses that arise from shrinkage,...
218
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

539
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by...
539
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

124
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
124
Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

425
Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
Concrete in areas between tide marks,...
425
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

121
This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
121

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Temperature Field and Temperature Effects for Concrete Box Girder Bridges Based on Monitoring Data and Numerical

Mengxiang Zhai1, Hongyin Yang1,2, Bin Li3

  • 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed concrete box girder bridge temperatures using monitoring data and finite element models. Findings reveal significant temperature variations under solar radiation, impacting bridge safety and requiring updated design considerations.

Keywords:
concrete box girder bridgehealth monitoringnumerical simulationtemperature effecttemperature fieldtemperature gradient

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Engineering
  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The long-term service safety of concrete box girder bridges is critically dependent on temperature field distribution and its effects.
  • Understanding these thermal behaviors is essential for ensuring structural integrity and preventing premature degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature field distribution and temperature effects on a curved continuous concrete box girder bridge in Wuhan using long-term structural health monitoring data.
  • To establish accurate finite element models for predicting bridge temperature responses under various conditions.
  • To identify critical temperature gradients and their impact on bridge safety, particularly under extreme weather.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term structural health monitoring data from a concrete box girder bridge.
  • Developed a finite element model for temperature field analysis using specialized software.
  • Employed wavelet analysis for denoising monitoring data to enhance reliability.
  • Constructed extreme weather files to simulate adverse conditions.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was found between girder temperature and ambient temperature.
  • Significant vertical and lateral temperature differences were observed in the concrete box girder under solar radiation.
  • The finite element model's accuracy was validated against measured data.
  • Established models for unfavorable vertical and transverse temperature gradients under extreme weather in Wuhan.
  • Identified a distinct temperature difference at the webs and bottom slabs not covered by current specifications.
  • Observed strong correlations between pier-girder relative displacement and bottom slab stress with girder temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully modeled and analyzed the temperature field and effects in a concrete box girder bridge.
  • Findings highlight the need to consider specific temperature gradients, especially those occurring at webs and bottom slabs, which are not currently addressed by design codes.
  • The research provides valuable data for improving the design, safety assessment, and maintenance strategies for concrete box girder bridges exposed to varying thermal conditions.