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Mission-Critical Services in 4G/5G and Beyond: Standardization, Key Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Florin Rastoceanu1, Constantin Grozea1, Mihai Enache1

  • 1Military Equipment and Technologies Research Agency, 16 Aeroportului Street, 077025 Clinceni, Romania.

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Summary

Mission-critical services (MCX) leverage 5G for enhanced public safety communications. This study reviews MCX architectures, 3GPP Release 19 features, and challenges for future 6G readiness.

Keywords:
3GPP standardizationLTELTE/4G/5G networksProximity Services (ProSe)Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)Quality of Service (QoS)Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC)mission-critical services (MCX)

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Area of Science:

  • Telecommunications Engineering
  • Network Security
  • Public Safety Technology

Background:

  • Mission-critical services (MCX) are vital for public safety and critical infrastructure, demanding high availability, reliability, low latency, security, and Quality of Service (QoS).
  • 4G and 5G mobile networks are increasingly integrating MCX capabilities, extending broadband to environments with stringent communication needs.
  • Key enablers like network slicing and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) are crucial for delivering advanced MCX features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current Mission-Critical Services (MCX) architectures, service frameworks, and protocols.
  • To analyze the integration of MCX within 5G networks and examine upcoming features in 3GPP Release 19.
  • To identify challenges and research priorities for future MCX evolution, including 6G readiness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MCX architectures, service frameworks, and protocols, referencing ITU-T M.2377-2 performance requirements.
  • Examination of 3GPP Release 19 features relevant to MCX, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), and Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR).
  • Analysis of technical enablers such as Proximity Services (ProSe), network slicing, and URLLC.

Main Results:

  • 5G networks provide essential foundations for MCX, offering ultra-low latency, high availability, and deterministic QoS through network slicing.
  • 3GPP Release 19 introduces enhancements for MCX, NTN integration, Reduced Capability devices, advanced positioning, and improved security.
  • Key challenges include standard maturity, interoperability, and achieving deterministic QoS.

Conclusions:

  • MCX solutions are becoming scalable, secure, and standards-compliant within current and future mobile networks.
  • Continued research and development are necessary to address challenges and ensure readiness for 6G.
  • This paper serves as a technical reference for understanding and deploying advanced MCX solutions.