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Related Concept Videos

Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Operational Amplifiers01:17

Operational Amplifiers

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The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
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Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
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Voltage Dividers01:14

Voltage Dividers

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In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the...
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Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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A 28 mK Resolution, -0.45 °C/+0.51 °C Inaccuracy Temperature Sensor Using Dual-Comparator Architecture and

Yubin Xu1,2, Tongyu Luo1,2, Lin Peng1,2

  • 1School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Micromachines
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a highly precise, low-power CMOS temperature sensor. It offers a wide operating range and improved accuracy for advanced electronic applications.

Keywords:
CMOS temperature sensorbias circuitcontrol logicdual-comparator structurehigh accuracyhigh resolutionwide temperature range

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Area of Science:

  • Integrated Circuits
  • Sensor Technology
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Accurate temperature monitoring is crucial for modern electronics.
  • Existing sensors often face trade-offs between power consumption, range, and precision.
  • CMOS technology offers a scalable platform for sensor integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an all-CMOS temperature sensor with enhanced precision and low power consumption.
  • To achieve a wide operational temperature range.
  • To improve the resolution and accuracy of temperature measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing MOSFET subthreshold I-V characteristics and self-bootstrapped bias circuits.
  • Generating complementary temperature-dependent (CTAT) and proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltages.
  • Implementing a dual-comparator voltage-to-time converter (VTC) architecture.
  • Employing a control logic unit for precise interval counting.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high linearity and sensitivity in temperature sensing.
  • The sensor demonstrated an inaccuracy of -0.45 °C/+0.51 °C (3σ) over -40 °C to 130 °C.
  • Obtained a high resolution of 28 mK.
  • Demonstrated ultra-low power consumption of 503 nW at 27 °C and 1 V.
  • Reported a figure of merit (FoM) of 7.9 pJ·K².

Conclusions:

  • The proposed all-CMOS temperature sensor effectively meets requirements for high precision and low power.
  • The novel VTC and control logic design significantly enhance measurement accuracy and resolution.
  • This sensor is suitable for applications demanding efficient and reliable temperature monitoring.