Next-generation Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Precision-engineered Platforms for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) with antifouling properties offer a promising approach for enhancing ovarian cancer (OC) therapy. OC remains one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies due to late-stage diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and limited treatment efficacy. Conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, often face challenges due to drug resistance and limited targeting ability. The development of SiNPs with antifouling capabilities aims to address these issues by improving drug delivery efficiency, reducing non-specific interactions, and enhancing biocompatibility. Functionalizing SiNPs with cancer-specific ligands or antibodies can further improve targeting and uptake by ovarian cancer cells while reducing the impact on healthy tissues. Additionally, the porous structure of SiNPs allows for the loading of multiple therapeutic agents, enabling combination therapies that can overcome drug resistance mechanisms. In order to overcome these constraints and enhance MSN efficacy in cancer theranostics, this study aims to highlight technical advancements, including tumor-specific, stimuli-responsive "smart" MSNs and multimodal MSN- based hybrid nanoplatforms. This review provides thorough knowledge about the role of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the treatment of ovarian cancer, highlighting important areas for further study as well as the difficulties associated with this area. To possibly improve therapeutic results by offering more accurate and targeted theranostic methods, we want to highlight the vitality of MSN technology as well as the significance of recent research and developments in this area. Overall, antifouling SiNPs represent a versatile and effective platform for ovarian cancer treatment, with the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects.