Multifunctional Responsive Gas-Releasing Metal Organic Framework Nanoplatform for Tumor Therapy Application

Gas therapy (GT), which regulates the tumor microenvironment by releasing therapeutic gas molecules (e.g., O₂, NO), has taken an innovative direction in tumor therapy. However, conventional gas-releasing molecules (GRMs) suffer from core problems such as uncontrollable release, poor targeting, and insufficient stability. To address these challenges, nanoplatforms represented by metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an innovative solution. MOFs, with their high specific surface area, tunable porosity, and abundant active sites, are able to significantly enhance the storage and release efficiency of gases. In particular, the high specific surface area and porosity of MOFs enable efficient loading of therapeutic gases and targeted release of gases through precise regulation of porosity; their abundant active sites enhance the stability and controllability of gas release. This review focuses on the preparation and modulation of MOF, systematically describes the advantages of MOF-based GRM nanoplatforms in the efficient loading and responsive release of therapeutic gases, such as oxygen (O₂), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen (H₂), and summarizes their recent progress in the field of GT for tumor treatment. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of GT- and MOF-based GRM nanoplatforms are discussed to provide more effective and safer therapeutic strategies for clinical applications.