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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation
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Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

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Launching by cavitation.

Dalei Wang1, Zixiao Liu2, Hongping Zhao1

  • 1National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cavitation is harnessed to launch millimeter-scale devices, achieving high speeds and efficient energy transfer. This novel method enables devices to jump and swim, demonstrating broad applicability for actuators and robotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Cavitation, the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in liquids, is typically destructive.
  • However, this phenomenon can be controlled and utilized for mechanical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To harness cavitation for energy accumulation and controlled release.
  • To develop a novel propulsion method for micro-devices using cavitation.

Main Methods:

  • Accumulating energy in superheated liquids by suppressing bubble collapse.
  • Utilizing the violent collapse of unstable cavitation bubbles to generate force.
  • Testing millimeter-scale devices for launching and swimming capabilities.

Main Results:

  • A millimeter-scale device achieved a 1.5-meter jump with 12 m/s peak velocity and 7.14 × 10^4 m/s^2 acceleration.
  • The cavitation-based launching demonstrated 0.64% energy efficiency.
  • Devices were propelled to swim on water at 12 cm/s.
  • The method proved effective across various device materials, liquid media, and environments.

Conclusions:

  • Cavitation can be controllably harnessed to generate significant propulsive force for micro-devices.
  • This technology offers a versatile platform for developing novel actuators and robotic systems.
  • The demonstrated performance metrics highlight the potential of cavitation-driven propulsion.