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Updated: Sep 9, 2025
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In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
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[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]
R G Esin1,2, E A Gorobets1, O R Esin1,3
1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|August 29, 2025
Summary
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain disease from head impacts, affecting children and adults. Early diagnosis and treatment, including neuroprotection, are crucial for managing this progressive neurodegeneration.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease linked to repetitive head impacts.
- The condition affects adults and, concerningly, the pediatric population, highlighting an urgent public health issue.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current literature on CTE, focusing on diagnosis and treatment in children and adolescents.
- To analyze the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies for CTE.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review across databases: eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Keywords used: "head injury", "traumatic encephalopathy", "diagnosis", "treatment", "children and adolescents".
Main Results:
- CTE pathogenesis involves phospho-tau formation, impaired amyloid-beta clearance, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and low-grade inflammation.
- Outlined the 2021 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.
- Treatment strategies encompass symptomatic management (anxiety, depression, cognitive/behavioral issues), neuroprotection, and non-pharmacological interventions.
Conclusions:
- Effective CTE management requires understanding its complex pathogenesis and applying standardized diagnostic criteria.
- Potential neuroprotective agents like Citicoline and Choline alfoscerate warrant further investigation for CTE treatment.
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