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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
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In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

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[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy].

R G Esin1,2, E A Gorobets1, O R Esin1,3

  • 1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|August 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a brain disease from head impacts, affecting children and adults. Early diagnosis and treatment, including neuroprotection, are crucial for managing this progressive neurodegeneration.

Keywords:
CeretonNeipileptadolescencechildrencholine alfosceratechronic traumatic encephalopathyciticolinediagnosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease linked to repetitive head impacts.
  • The condition affects adults and, concerningly, the pediatric population, highlighting an urgent public health issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on CTE, focusing on diagnosis and treatment in children and adolescents.
  • To analyze the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies for CTE.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review across databases: eLibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
  • Keywords used: "head injury", "traumatic encephalopathy", "diagnosis", "treatment", "children and adolescents".

Main Results:

  • CTE pathogenesis involves phospho-tau formation, impaired amyloid-beta clearance, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and low-grade inflammation.
  • Outlined the 2021 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.
  • Treatment strategies encompass symptomatic management (anxiety, depression, cognitive/behavioral issues), neuroprotection, and non-pharmacological interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective CTE management requires understanding its complex pathogenesis and applying standardized diagnostic criteria.
  • Potential neuroprotective agents like Citicoline and Choline alfoscerate warrant further investigation for CTE treatment.