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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Computing
    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Deep neural network growth necessitates advanced hardware computing platforms.
    • Optical computing, particularly wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), offers increased computation bandwidth but faces integration and capacity challenges.
    • Existing WDM architectures require novel solutions for enhanced channel capacity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce mode-division multiplexing (MDM) as a new degree of freedom in optical computing.
    • To propose a multi-dimensional architecture augmenting WDM with MDM for enhanced computational bandwidth.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of MDM-based optical computing on a micro-ring resonator platform.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a novel optical computing architecture combining mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM).
    • Designed and experimentally validated key photonic components: multimode beam splitter, thermo-optical tuner for high-order modes, and multimode waveguide bend.
    • Fabricated a proof-of-principle matrix multiplexing system using foundry processes.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated essential components for the proposed MDM-WDM optical computing architecture.
    • The fabricated system operates for both MDM and combined MDM-WDM computing paradigms.
    • The micro-ring resonator platform enables the integration of MDM for enhanced optical computation.

    Conclusions:

    • Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) offers a new pathway to significantly increase optical computing bandwidth.
    • The proposed multi-dimensional MDM-WDM architecture effectively enhances channel capacity for next-generation computing.
    • Experimental validation confirms the viability of MDM-based optical computing for deep neural network hardware.