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Process-Oriented Analysis of Knowledge Construction in Problem-Based Learning: A Systematic Review of Health
Weichao Chen1,2,3, Binbin Zheng4
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Research and Advanced Education, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
This review unpacks knowledge construction in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) for health professions education. It identifies factors influencing group learning, highlighting the complex interplay of various elements for effective trainee development.
Area of Science:
- Health Professions Education
- Educational Psychology
- Collaborative Learning
Background:
- Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a cornerstone of health professions education (HPE).
- Small-group knowledge construction is vital for PBL success.
- A systematic review is needed to understand the PBL knowledge construction process.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify perspectives and methods for assessing PBL knowledge construction.
- To determine factors within group interactions that influence PBL knowledge construction.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of multiple databases (November 2023).
- Thematic synthesis of 60 empirical studies from 16 countries across eight health professions.
- Analysis of interaction process data (recordings, observations, digital traces) using a social constructivist perspective.
Main Results:
- Diverse methods (qualitative, quantitative, mixed) were employed.
- Key influencing factors include cultural/linguistic aspects, interprofessional dynamics, curriculum/assessment, task design, tutor facilitation, learner background, and team learning behaviors.
- PBL knowledge construction is complex and influenced by interrelated factors.
Conclusions:
- Future research should adopt a sociocultural perspective and Design-Based Research.
- Integrating multiple methods and levels of analysis is crucial for understanding dynamic interplay.
- Explore advanced analytics, AI-driven interventions, and inclusive collaborative environments.
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