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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Cortisol Measurement in Koala Phascolarctos cinereus Fur
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Does a Social Introduction Alter Cortisol in Captive Bonobos (Pan paniscus)?

Lauren Mitchell1, Jared Taglialatela1,2, Sarah Guindre-Parker1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA.

Zoo Biology
|September 2, 2025
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Summary

Introducing new bonobos to groups caused stress in the new individual, not residents. Careful introductions and avoiding isolation are recommended for social animals to manage stress effectively.

Keywords:
captivityglucocorticoidsprimatessocial stressorsociality

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Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Social animals often use group living to buffer against stressors.
  • Changes in social dynamics can also be a significant stressor, impacting hormone levels.
  • Glucocorticoids, like cortisol, are key hormones regulating homeostasis during stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of social environment changes on glucocorticoid levels in captive bonobos.
  • To compare stress responses between established group members and a new individual during social integration.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring cortisol levels (corrected for creatinine) in urine samples from captive bonobos.
  • Collecting samples before, during, and after the introduction of a new group member.
  • Observing stress hormone fluctuations in both resident and emigrating individuals.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol levels in established bonobos remained stable throughout the social integration process.
  • The newly introduced bonobo exhibited elevated cortisol upon arrival, which decreased with gradual integration.
  • These findings suggest the emigrating individual experienced greater stress compared to resident bonobos.

Conclusions:

  • New social introductions can be a significant stressor, particularly for the incoming individual.
  • Careful, gradual introductions and avoiding prolonged isolation are crucial for integrating new members into social groups.
  • When human-mediated, social introductions should aim to mimic natural dispersal patterns to minimize stress in social animals.