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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Creatinine-on-a-chip: colorimetric ELISA-based serum creatinine detection in a microfluidic device.

Betul Karakuzu1, H Cumhur Tekin1,2

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A new lab-on-a-chip platform, "creatinine-on-a-chip," enables rapid and cost-effective serum creatinine measurement using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This diagnostic tool aids in early detection and monitoring of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs).

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) pose a significant global health burden, often leading to kidney failure and other complications.
  • Early diagnosis and effective patient monitoring are crucial for managing CKDs, necessitating advanced diagnostic technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast, cost-effective lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform for quantifying serum creatinine concentrations.
  • To apply the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) principle on a microfluidic chip for improved diagnostic capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic chip, termed "creatinine-on-a-chip," was developed using a colorimetric ELISA protocol.
  • The chip was functionalized with creatinine-specific antibodies for capture.
  • Creatinine levels were determined by measuring absorbance differences between detection and reference channels, normalized to the reference signal.

Main Results:

  • The "creatinine-on-a-chip" system detected creatinine with high sensitivity in the linear range of 1-20 μg mL⁻¹ in both PBS and FBS.
  • Signal variability was observed, highlighting the importance of selecting well-characterized detection regions due to antibody adsorption effects.
  • The assay demonstrated rapid (∼15 min) and cost-effective ($1.05 per test) serum creatinine analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed "creatinine-on-a-chip" platform offers a promising solution for rapid, sensitive, and affordable serum creatinine testing.
  • This technology can significantly enhance the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney diseases.
  • Optimization of detection area selection is key to maximizing the performance and reliability of the assay.